Binary/Data Vocab

  • Bits: The smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store. A bit is always in one of two physical states, similar to an on/off light switch. The state is represented by a single binary value, usually a 0 or 1.
  • Bytes: A byte is a unit of data that is eight binary digits long. A byte is the unit most computers use to represent a character such as a letter, number or typographic symbol. 00000000 - 11111111
  • Hexadecimal: a numbering system w/ base 16. It can be used to represent large numbers with fewer digits. In this system there are 16 symbols or possible digit values from 0 to 9, followed by six alphabetic characters – A, B, C, D, E and F. It can be used for colors, ex. #FCD0E0
  • Boolean: a true/false value
c = 10 > 5
print(c)

a = "pink"
b = "purple"
a == b

True

False

  • ASCII: most common character encoding format for text data in computers and on the internet

  • Unicode: the universal character representation standard for text in computer processing.

  • RGB: (red, green, and blue) refers to a system for representing the colors to be used on a computer display.

  • Lossy: Lossy is a data encoding and compression technique that deliberately discards some data in the compression process

  • Lossless: restores and rebuilds file data in its original form after the file is decompressed

Algorithm Vocab

  • Variable: abstraction made inside a program
x = "Alex"
print(x)

Alex

The three data types are integers, strings, and booleans. The best data type to represent someone's dog's name is a string. The best data type to represent someone's phone number is an integer.

name = "Timmy"
age = "25"

print(name + " is " + age)

Timmy is 25

  • lists: abstract data type that represents a finite number of ordered values

  • dictionaries: an abstract data type that defines an unordered collection of data as a set of key-value pairs

classList = ["Expos 2", "Bio 1", "Chamber Choir", "APCSP", "AP Stats"] # list
classDic = ["period4": "APCSP", "period5": "AP Stats"] # dictionary
  • assignment operators:
    • addition: a + b
    • subtraction: a - b
    • multiplication: a * b
    • division: a / b
    • MOD: a % b
num1 = 12
num2 = 25
num3 = 14
result = num1 / 4 * num3 + 9 % 2 - num3
print(result)

29.0

  • algorithm: commands that do a certain task

  • sequence: the order in which the statements are executed

  • selection: a section of code is run only if a condition is met.

  • iteration: a repeating portion of an algorithm, repeats a specified number of times or until a given condition is met

for i in range(1,11):
    print(i)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

truth tables

  • AND: 1 1
  • OR: 0 1, 1 0, 1 1
  • XOR: 0 0, 1 1

  • NOT: 0

  • length: number of characters in a string

  • concatenation: combining two things

  • upper/Lower: change case

  • traversing Strings: use index

  • if: do an action when something is true

  • elif: first condition false, test another

  • else: action when first condition false

  • nested selection: condition inside condition

import random

colorspinner =  random.randint(1,8)

if colorspinner <= 3:
    print("green")
elif colorspinner <= 5:
    print("blue")
elif colorspinner <= 6:
    print("purple")
elif colorspinner <= 7:
    print("red")
else:
    print("orange")

blue

tasks = ["review notes", "do practice problems", "ask teacher questions"]
for task in tasks:
 print(task)

review notes
do practice problems
ask teacher questions

  • def: defining a function to do a procedure

  • parameters: values given to a function to work with

  • return: brings variables out of function after running

def birthday_funct():
    print(" My birthday is October 29th")

birthday_funct()

 My birthday is October 29th